Instrumentation is an instrument or device used to detect, measure, observe, and calculate various physical quantities, substance compositions, physical property parameters, etc.

Vacuum leak detectors, pressure gauges, length gauges, microscopes, multipliers, etc. are all instruments and meters.

Generally speaking, instruments and meters can also have functions such as automatic control, alarm, signal transmission, and data processing. For example, pneumatic and electric control instruments used in industrial production process automatic control, as well as distributed instrument control systems, all belong to instruments and meters.

Function and Function

Instruments and meters can improve, expand, or supplement human senses. People use their sensory organs to see, hear, taste, and touch external objects, and instruments such as microscopes, telescopes, sound level meters, acidimeters, pyrometers, and vacuum centrifugal concentrators can improve and expand these senses; In addition, some instruments and meters such as magnetometers, radiation counters, etc. can sense and measure physical quantities that human sensory organs cannot sense. There are also instruments and meters that can exceed human capabilities to record, calculate, and count, such as high-speed cameras, computers, etc.

Instruments are important "tools" for the development of science and technology. Famous scientist Mr. Wang Daheng pointed out that "machines are tools for transforming the world, and instruments are tools for understanding the world. Instruments are the "multipliers" of industrial production, the "pioneers" of scientific research, the "combat power" of military affairs, and the "materialized judges" of modern social activities. It goes without saying that instruments play a very important role in promoting the development of science and technology and the national economy in today's era.

1. Instruments are an important prerequisite and fundamental guarantee for the development of science and technology. Any major leap in the history of human development has been driven by tremendous innovation and fundamental change in tools, and the development and innovation of scientific instruments as "tools" are often important factors in promoting technological innovation.

2. Instruments are an important guarantee for economic development and national defense security. Instruments are an essential foundation for ensuring economic development and national security. Firstly, the renowned scientist Mr. Qian Xuesen pointed out that "the key technology of the new technological revolution is information technology. Information technology consists of three parts: measurement technology, computer technology, and communication technology. Measurement technology is the key and foundation.

3. Instruments are an important force in promoting the construction of a harmonious society. The depletion of global resources and environmental pollution have become bottlenecks for the healthy development of society; Food safety issues, public emergencies, disease diagnosis, flammable and explosive chemicals, and other major problems have had a serious impact on people's lives. The solution to these major issues cannot be achieved without advanced detection technologies and methods.

4. Digitization and intelligence

5. Due to the improvement of microelectronics skills, instrumentation products are further integrated with microfabrication and PC skills, and the digitalization and intelligence of instrumentation are constantly advancing. Taking the concept of "DSPS" proposed by Texas Instruments in the United States as an example, with DSP chips as the center, we will jointly improve the processing solutions for the entire usage system, including mixed signal circuits, ASIC circuits, components, and pioneering things. Many new technologies such as Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), Surface Mount Technology (SMT), Multi Layer Circuit Board Printing, Wafer Planning Integration (WSI), and Multi Chip Module (MCM) have been adopted in instruments and meters. Computer aided techniques such as CAD, CAM, CAPP, and CAT have enabled multimedia skills, human-computer interaction, trance control, and artificial neuron collection to be widely used in modern instruments and meters.

6. Collectivization

7. Various intelligent instruments and meters have been gradually introduced to the market, and instruments and meters are undergoing in-depth intelligent innovation. The integrated testing system has also moved towards collection, with each instrument connected through GPIB bus and VXI bus.

8. Miniaturization

9. MEMS products include automotive accelerometers, pressure sensors, chemical sensors, flow sensors, micro spectrometers, and other products, widely used in fields such as situational science, aerospace, biomedicine, automotive industry, military, and industrial control.

Main types

Glass thermometer, bimetallic thermometer, pressure thermometer, thermocouple, thermistor, non-contact thermometer, temperature controller (regulator), temperature transmitter, temperature calibration instrument, temperature sensor, temperature tester, etc;

Human body thermometer, blood pressure monitor;

Pressure instruments: pressure gauges, pressure gauges, pressure transmitters, differential pressure transmitters, pressure calibration instruments, pressure reducers, tire pressure gauges, automatic pneumatic control instruments, hydraulic automatic control instruments, pressure sensors;

Flow meters: flow meters, flow sensors, flow transmitters, water meters, gas meters, liquid level transmitters, liquid level relays, liquid level gauges, oil meters, water level gauges, liquid level controllers, measuring instruments;

Electrical instruments and meters: ammeter, voltmeter, current power frequency meter, current distribution, measuring pen, circuit breaker, switch, contactor, relay, terminal block, regulator, voltage monitor, intelligent power monitor, voltage regulator, megohmmeter, clamp meter, multimeter, power transmitter, current transmitter, ballast, rectifier;

Electronic measuring instruments: LCR measuring instrument, level gauge, viscometer, oscilloscope, signal generator;

Analytical instruments: chromatograph, chromatography accessories, photometer, moisture analyzer, balance, thermal analysis instrument, radiographic analysis instrument, spectrometer, physical property analysis instrument, photography instrument, spectrum analyzer;

Optical instruments: photometer, refractometer, filter, color filter, prism, lens, spectrometer, colorimeter, optoelectronics, laser instrument, microscope, telescope, magnifying glass, theodolite, level, spectrometer;

Industrial automation instruments: control systems, regulating valves, regulating instruments, multifunctional instruments, heating equipment, winding machines, devices, intelligent instruments, safety barriers, frequency converters, modules, paperless recorders, probes, amplifiers, acceleration sensors, speed sensors, displacement sensors, speed sensors, current sensors, tension sensors;

Experimental instruments: balance instrument, constant temperature experimental equipment, vacuum measuring instrument, calorimeter, incubator, constant temperature chamber, corrosion test chamber, hardness tester, drying oven, oven, oscillator, stirrer, centrifuge, water (oil) bath pot, constant temperature water tank;

Measuring tools: gauges, vernier calipers, micrometers, tape measures, dial gauges;

Measuring instruments: roundness meter, coordinate measuring machine, air momentum meter;

Actuators: electric actuators, pneumatic actuators;

Instrument specific power supply: DC power supply, regulated power supply, AC power supply, switching power supply, uninterruptible power supply, inverter power supply